Cycles: Support user-defined shutter curve

Previously shutter was instantly opening, staying opened for the shutter time
period of time and then instantly closing. This isn't quite how real cameras
are working, where shutter is opening with some curve. Now it is possible to
define user curve for how much shutter is opened across the sampling period
of time.

This could be used for example to make motion blur trails softer.

intern/cycles/kernel/kernel_camera.h

@@ -290,10 +290,13 @@ ccl_device void camera_sample(KernelGlobals *kg, int x, int y, float filter_u, f
 
 #ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
 	/* motion blur */
-	if(kernel_data.cam.shuttertime == -1.0f)
+	if(kernel_data.cam.shuttertime == -1.0f) {
 		ray->time = TIME_INVALID;
-	else
-		ray->time = time;
+	}
+	else {
+		const int shutter_table_offset = kernel_data.cam.shutter_table_offset;
+		ray->time = lookup_table_read(kg, time, shutter_table_offset, SHUTTER_TABLE_SIZE);
+	}
 #endif
 
 	/* sample */

intern/cycles/kernel/kernel_types.h

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 #define LIGHT_SIZE			5
 #define FILTER_TABLE_SIZE	256
 #define RAMP_TABLE_SIZE		256
+#define SHUTTER_TABLE_SIZE		256
 #define PARTICLE_SIZE 		5
 #define TIME_INVALID		FLT_MAX
 
@@ -813,6 +814,9 @@ typedef struct KernelCamera {
 	 * Used for camera zoom motion blur,
 	 */
 	PerspectiveMotionTransform perspective_motion;
+
+	int shutter_table_offset;
+	int pad;
 } KernelCamera;
 
 typedef struct KernelFilm {

intern/cycles/render/camera.cpp

@@ -18,18 +18,36 @@
 #include "mesh.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "scene.h"
+#include "tables.h"
 
 #include "device.h"
 
 #include "util_foreach.h"
+#include "util_function.h"
+#include "util_math_cdf.h"
 #include "util_vector.h"
 
 CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
+static float shutter_curve_eval(float x,
+                                float shutter_curve[RAMP_TABLE_SIZE])
+{
+	x *= RAMP_TABLE_SIZE;
+	int index = (int)x;
+	float frac = x - index;
+	if(index < RAMP_TABLE_SIZE - 1) {
+		return lerp(shutter_curve[index], shutter_curve[index + 1], frac);
+	}
+	else {
+		return shutter_curve[RAMP_TABLE_SIZE - 1];
+	}
+}
+
 Camera::Camera()
 {
 	shuttertime = 1.0f;
 	motion_position = MOTION_POSITION_CENTER;
+	shutter_table_offset = TABLE_OFFSET_INVALID;
 
 	aperturesize = 0.0f;
 	focaldistance = 10.0f;
@@ -85,6 +103,12 @@ Camera::Camera()
 	need_device_update = true;
 	need_flags_update = true;
 	previous_need_motion = -1;
+
+	/* Initialize shutter curve. */
+	const int num_shutter_points = sizeof(shutter_curve) / sizeof(*shutter_curve);
+	for(int i = 0; i < num_shutter_points; ++i) {
+		shutter_curve[i] = 1.0f;
+	}
 }
 
 Camera::~Camera()
@@ -279,6 +303,23 @@ void Camera::device_update(Device *device, DeviceScene *dscene, Scene *scene)
 	/* motion blur */
 #ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
 	kcam->shuttertime = (need_motion == Scene::MOTION_BLUR) ? shuttertime: -1.0f;
+
+	if(need_motion == Scene::MOTION_BLUR) {
+		vector<float> shutter_table;
+		util_cdf_inverted(SHUTTER_TABLE_SIZE,
+		                  0.0f,
+		                  1.0f,
+		                  function_bind(shutter_curve_eval, _1, shutter_curve),
+		                  false,
+		                  shutter_table);
+		shutter_table_offset = scene->lookup_tables->add_table(dscene,
+		                                                       shutter_table);
+		kcam->shutter_table_offset = (int)shutter_table_offset;
+	}
+	else if(shutter_table_offset != TABLE_OFFSET_INVALID) {
+		scene->lookup_tables->remove_table(shutter_table_offset);
+		shutter_table_offset = TABLE_OFFSET_INVALID;
+	}
 #else
 	kcam->shuttertime = -1.0f;
 #endif
@@ -342,9 +383,14 @@ void Camera::device_update_volume(Device * /*device*/,
 	need_flags_update = false;
 }
 
-void Camera::device_free(Device * /*device*/, DeviceScene * /*dscene*/)
+void Camera::device_free(Device * /*device*/,
+                         DeviceScene * /*dscene*/,
+                         Scene *scene)
 {
-	/* nothing to free, only writing to constant memory */
+	if(shutter_table_offset != TABLE_OFFSET_INVALID) {
+		scene->lookup_tables->remove_table(shutter_table_offset);
+		shutter_table_offset = TABLE_OFFSET_INVALID;
+	}
 }
 
 bool Camera::modified(const Camera& cam)

intern/cycles/render/camera.h

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ public:
 	/* motion blur */
 	float shuttertime;
 	MotionPosition motion_position;
+	float shutter_curve[RAMP_TABLE_SIZE];
+	size_t shutter_table_offset;
 
 	/* depth of field */
 	float focaldistance;
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ public:
 
 	void device_update(Device *device, DeviceScene *dscene, Scene *scene);
 	void device_update_volume(Device *device, DeviceScene *dscene, Scene *scene);
-	void device_free(Device *device, DeviceScene *dscene);
+	void device_free(Device *device, DeviceScene *dscene, Scene *scene);
 
 	bool modified(const Camera& cam);
 	bool motion_modified(const Camera& cam);

intern/cycles/render/scene.cpp

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void Scene::free_memory(bool final)
 	particle_systems.clear();
 
 	if(device) {
-		camera->device_free(device, &dscene);
+		camera->device_free(device, &dscene, this);
 		film->device_free(device, &dscene, this);
 		background->device_free(device, &dscene);
 		integrator->device_free(device, &dscene);

intern/cycles/util/util_math_cdf.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void util_cdf_invert(const int resolution,
 			float x = i / (float)half_size;
 			int index = upper_bound(cdf.begin(), cdf.end(), x) - cdf.begin();
 			float t;
-			if(index < cdf.size()) {
+			if(index < cdf.size() - 1) {
 				t = (x - cdf[index])/(cdf[index+1] - cdf[index]);
 			} else {
 				t = 0.0f;
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ void util_cdf_invert(const int resolution,
 		}
 	}
 	else {
-		for(int i = 0; i <= resolution; i++) {
+		for(int i = 0; i < resolution; i++) {
 			float x = from + range * (float)i * inv_resolution;
 			int index = upper_bound(cdf.begin(), cdf.end(), x) - cdf.begin();
 			float t;
-			if(index < cdf.size()) {
+			if(index < cdf.size() - 1) {
 				t = (x - cdf[index])/(cdf[index+1] - cdf[index]);
 			} else {
 				t = 0.0f;